Evaluating the Influence of Economic Constraints on the Implementation of Environmental Management Systems in Zimbabwe: A Case Study of Hotel Chains in Harare

Abstract

Despite the growing importance of sustainable practices in the tourism and hospitality sector, the adoption of internationally recognized Environmental Management Systems (EMS) remains notably low among hotels in the region. The purpose of this study was to investigate the economic constraints affecting the implementation of EMS within hotel chains in Harare, Zimbabwe. Through the use of a mixed-methods approach, qualitative content analysis was performed on the websites of four predominant hotel chains, while quantitative data were collected via a stratified random sampling technique involving 185 hotel employees using a structured questionnaire. Findings indicated that none of the surveyed hotels hold international EMS certificates, although local initiatives are implemented. Key economic challenges identified included the high costs associated with eco-friendly technologies, economic instability, and regulatory hurdles, which collectively impede the adoption of comprehensive EMS practices. The analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between economic constraints and EMS implementation, highlighting that operational challenges and economic uncertainty are paramount barriers. Consequently, it was recommended that hotel operators engaged in collaboration with policymakers and seek financial incentives to facilitate EMS adoption. Further training programmes focused on enhancing sustainability knowledge are essential to overcoming these constraints. This research contributes valuable insights to the discourse on sustainable practices in Zimbabwe's hospitality industry, emphasizing the need for strategic interventions to align economic viability with environmental stewardship.